背景技术

近年来，为了取得更佳的柴油机性能，柴油机生产厂商纷纷推出了各种型号的电控柴油机。电控柴油机以柴油机转速和负荷作为反映柴油机实际工况的基本信号，对柴油喷射系统的喷油量、喷油压力和喷油时刻进行最优的综合控制，以得到最佳的柴油机性能。柴油机电控系统由电子控制系统(ECU)、传感器、喷射阀、线束等组成。电控柴油机是一个多部件组成的机电复合的复杂设备，是汽车和工程机械的核心部件。这些电控柴油机的组成部件越来越多，控制系统也越来越复杂，均需要正确的使用、维护与维修，才可以长时间稳定运行。如果电控系统出现故障，将和柴油机其他部件出现故障一样，导致柴油机无法正常工作，相应的汽车或者工程机械将因失去动力也无法继续工作。因此快速确定故障原因并修复柴油机是一项极其重要和关键的工作，需要在培训中对学员给予相当多的故障分析排查练习。为了使最终用户、柴油机维护维修人员等人员正确的掌握柴油机使用、维护和维修知识，需要对这些人员实施柴油机使用、维护和维修等知识技能的培训。

如果培训师利用传统的培训手段(比如纸质资料、PPT播放)对学员实施培训。虽然这些传统的培训载体很方便携带，可以做到“送培训到学员现场”的效果，但由于受训人员不能接触到真实的柴油机实物及工作实况，所以培训结束之后，受训人员对柴油机工作原理、故障诊断与维修等相关知识掌握的情况往往很不满意，难以让学员达到学以致用的培训效果。

为了克服传统培训出现的弊端，柴油机生产厂家往往会邀请受训人员来到柴油机生产现场来实地参观学习。柴油机作为汽车、工程机械等设备的核心部件总成之一，其水箱、油箱、尾气处理、电气控制等部件均是安装在汽车、工程机械相应位置，并连接到柴油机上，柴油机才能正常工作。为了让受训学员看到正常工作的柴油机，柴油机生产厂家往往会搭建固定式柴油机实训台位，这些台位会把水箱、油箱、尾气处理、电气控制等部件布置在固定台架上并与柴油机连接起来，使柴油机得以正常工作。对照固定式实训台位，培训师可以很方便地向学员传授柴油机的部件组成、工作原理、工作实况以及维护保养等知识。

为了让学员更进一步掌握柴油机运行时的状态、工作原理和故障机理，固定式实训台还配置有温度、压力等显示单元和相应电路，把柴油机温度压力等传感器状态数值、节气门位置、轨压及其他发动机相关传感器的信号参数采集并显示在显示单元。为了让学员掌握柴油机故障现象、排除思路和修理方法，在柴油机实训固定台位上，设置了柴油机电控系统故障模拟功能，如曲轴位置传感器、节气门位置传感器、加速踏板位置传感器、液温传感器、凸轮轴位置传感器、CAN总线以及发动机其他相关传感器的故障等，通过人为“制造”电气线路“断路”、“短路”等故障，让学员一目了然的了解柴油机故障现象，理清故障排除思路，掌握后续维修措施。

现有固定式柴油机实训台位体积庞大，重量巨大，无法移动，无法做到“送优质培训到学员现场”的效果。为了得到更好的培训效果，学员需要花费时间和费用从学员常驻地移动到固定实训台培训场地。这将大大增加培训的时间成本和费用支出，限制了培训活动的推广。

为了满足不同用户的需求，柴油机厂商生产了多种不同型号的柴油机。如果为了满足一种型号的柴油机培训而制作一台这种型号柴油机实训台，将不得不制作大量的不同型号的柴油机实训台位，这样工作量很大，制造费用高，而且实训台的使用频次往往不会很高，造成资源和资金的占用。

Background

In recent years, various types of electrically controlled diesel engines have been proposed by diesel engine manufacturers in order to achieve better diesel engine performance. The electric control diesel engine takes the rotation speed and the load of the diesel engine as basic signals for reflecting the actual working condition of the diesel engine, and carries out optimal comprehensive control on the oil injection quantity, the oil injection pressure and the oil injection time of a diesel injection system so as to obtain the optimal diesel engine performance. The diesel engine electric control system is composed of an electronic control system (ECU), a sensor, an injection valve, a wire harness and the like. The electrically controlled diesel engine is a complex electromechanical equipment composed of multiple parts, and is the core part of automobile and engineering machinery. The electric control diesel engines have more and more components and more complex control systems, and can stably run for a long time only by correct use, maintenance and repair. If the electric control system breaks down, the electric control system and other parts of the diesel engine break down, so that the diesel engine cannot work normally, and the corresponding automobile or engineering machinery cannot work continuously due to the loss of power. Therefore, it is an extremely important and critical task to quickly identify the cause of a fault and repair the diesel engine, and considerable troubleshooting training is required for trainees. In order for the end user, the diesel engine maintenance and repair person, and other persons to correctly master the knowledge of the use, maintenance and repair of the diesel engine, training of knowledge skills of the use, maintenance and repair of the diesel engine needs to be performed on the persons.

If the trainer utilizes the traditional training means (such as paper materials and PPT playing) to train the trainees. Although these traditional training carriers are very convenient to carry and can achieve the effect of 'sending to the site of a trainee', after the training is finished, the trainee is often dissatisfied with the knowledge of the working principle of the diesel engine, fault diagnosis, maintenance and the like, and the trainee cannot achieve the training effect of learning to use.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional training, diesel engine manufacturers often invite trained personnel to come to the diesel engine production site to visit and learn on the spot. The diesel engine is used as one of the core component assemblies of equipment such as automobiles, engineering machinery and the like, and the parts such as a water tank, an oil tank, tail gas treatment, electric control and the like are all arranged at corresponding positions of the automobiles and the engineering machinery and connected to the diesel engine, so that the diesel engine can normally work. In order to enable a trainee to see a normally working diesel engine, diesel engine manufacturers often build fixed diesel engine practical training stations, and the stations can arrange parts such as a water tank, an oil tank, tail gas treatment and electrical control on a fixed rack and are connected with the diesel engine, so that the diesel engine can normally work. Compared with a fixed training station, a trainer can conveniently teach the knowledge of component composition, working principle, working condition, maintenance and the like of the diesel engine to a student.

In order to enable a student to further master the running state, the working principle and the failure mechanism of the diesel engine, the fixed practical training platform is also provided with a temperature and pressure display unit and a corresponding circuit, and the state numerical values of sensors such as the temperature and the pressure of the diesel engine, the position of a throttle valve, the rail pressure and other signal parameters of related sensors of the engine are collected and displayed on the display unit. In order to enable a student to master the fault phenomenon, the fault elimination idea and the repair method of the diesel engine, a fault simulation function of an electric control system of the diesel engine is arranged on a training fixed table position of the diesel engine, such as faults of a crankshaft position sensor, a throttle position sensor, an accelerator pedal position sensor, a liquid temperature sensor, a camshaft position sensor, a CAN bus and other related sensors of the engine, and the like.

The existing fixed diesel engine training platform is huge in size, huge in weight and incapable of moving, and the effect of sending high-quality training to a student site cannot be achieved. In order to achieve better training effect, the trainees need to spend time and expense moving from the trainee ordinary places to the fixed training platform training sites. This will greatly increase the time cost and expense of training, limiting the spread of training activities.

In order to meet the requirements of different users, diesel engine manufacturers have produced various types of diesel engines. If the diesel engine training platform of one type is manufactured in order to meet the diesel engine training of one type, a large number of diesel engine training platform positions of different types have to be manufactured, so that the workload is high, the manufacturing cost is high, and the use frequency of the training platform is not high, so that the occupation of resources and funds is caused.